USA A Ummi Chinmi Khua Fak Piin Nan Ngaingai Hau Hikong Hi A Biapi Kho Taktak

By Salai Van Lian Thang

U.S. Rammi Sinak Ka Lak Caah Chinmi Ka Si Ti Maw?Chin miphun nih kan peemnak ramah rammi sinak(citizenship) kan lak ruangah Chinmi kan si ti maw? Chin miphun kan sinak a tlau maw? timi hibiahalnak a um tawn.Micheu nih rammi sinak (U.S rammi sinak, Australia rammi sinak, Norway rammi sinak, Denmarkrammi sinak tbk) kan lak cang caah “Chinmi kan si ti lo” tiah, an ti. Lai lungthin hna an ngei duhtheng tawn ti lo. Phundang pi hna khin an ihmu.

Micheu nih “U.S rammi kan si cang zongah Laimi thotho kan si zungzal ko” tiah an ti ve tawn. Nainzeitin le zeiruangdah Laimi thotho cu kan si khawh rih? timi bel micheu caah fiang tein chim a harngai hoi tawn.Chin miphun chungah“miphun 53 (fifty-three races) nan um” tiah Kawl cozah nih an kan ti. Cu ningcun 2014 ah milu an kan rel. Nain, Chinmi a tam u nih cucu kan cohlang kho lo.

“Chin” timi min in milu rel tikah min tial ci odingin Chin National Conference nih bia a chah Central CensusCommission zungah cathluan hna kan tial. Tunitiang 2014 Myanmar Census (ethnic data) cu a chuakkho ti lo. Micheu nih Zophei, Mara, Lautu, Zotung, Senthang tbk cu “miphun an si lo, khuatlang an si ” tiah an chim ve. Micheu nih “miphun hrim kan si ve ko ” tiah cucu an duh bak lo. Chin tuanphung hngal acheu nih Chinmi cu miphun paruk: 1. Lai Asho 3. Mizo 4. Khumi 5. Zomi, le 6. Cho tiah an kantthen. Lai timi tangah Zophei, Mara, Lautu, Zahau, Lautu, Zotung, Senthang tbk cu “sub

tribe”

phunin an chiah dih. Cucu a cheu nih an duh bak hoi lo; miphun“ major tribe” hrim kan si ve ko, tiah ancawl an cang. Cuticun kan buai salingpi kha asi.Catialtu nih Chin miphun sinak chungah a dotdot in kai hmuhning cu a tanglei bangin asi.

Cucaah Lai le Chin tbk. ah ka buai tuk lo. Miphun (major tribe le sub-tribe) zongah ka buai ve lo.Tulio Chinmi lakah ruahnak a tamter tawnmi pakhat cu: chungkhar min (surname or family name)kha hrinphun min (clan name) he a hmangmi kan ummi hi asi. Hihi cu ruah deuh a hau, tiah ka ruat. Lai caholh in “miphun ” kan timi biafang hi Mirang nih 1. race, 2. Ethnicity le 3. nationality tiah atlangpiin an tthen. Sullum dangdang an ngei.

Race:

Pumrua muisam, titvun cuarrawng, mit rawng, sam rawng, ruhkhua serning (  physical factor )

Ethnicity:

Nunphung, chuahkehnak, holh, ziaza umtu, raithawining le biaknak zumhning ( cultural factor)

Nationality:

Rampi pakhat i ram hrinfa sinak le rammi sinak he ai pehtlai ( Legal concept)  “Nationality” timi cu “Citizenship” timi kha asi ko. A sullam umtuning an ikhat ko. A cunglei kantial bang ram pakhat i upadi he aa pehtlaimi kha “nationality” timi cu asi.

Ramkip nih rammi sinakupadi (eg.1982 Myanmar Citizenship Law or Australian Citizenship Act 2007 tbk) kha an ngei ciodih.Rammi sinak (eg. US nationality le Australian citizenship tbk) kan sok i kan lakmi cu: upadi nih asermi sinak (legal status) chung i kan vung luhmi le kan hmuhmi sinak kha asi. Cutin kan lak ruangahkan hraampi Chin miphun sinak (Chin race le Chin ethnicity) cu a tlau hrimhrim lo.Sihmanhsehlaw ramdang ah rammi sinak kan lak cang ruangah Kawlrammi kan sinak (Myanmarnationality) tu cu a thi colh. Myanmar citizen (Burmese) cu kan si kho ti lo. Chin miphun sinak (Chinrace/ethnicity) tu cu a tlau bal lo; a thi bal lo i a rawk bal lo.

Vawleicung ram tampi nih rammi sinak pahnih (dual nationality) kha an pawm. Australia, US,Canada, Denmark tbk cu a pommi ram an si. American si buin Burmese kan si kho chih. Denmarkrammi si buin Myanmar mi kan si kho thiamthiam

phung ning tein.Sihmawnhsehlaw tulio Kawlram nih a hmanmi upadi “1982 Citizenship Law” nih ram pahnih sinak(dual citizenship) cu a pom lo. Hi upadi hi remh cu chim lo; tongh hmanh Tatmadaw nih an duh thengti lo. Cucaah tulio Kawlram upadi ningcun rammi sinak kan laknak ram nih “dual nationality” a pomko hmanhah Kawlrammi kan sinak cu a thi thotho; Kawlrammi (Myanmar nationality) cu kan si khoti lai lo.Tuluk le India kar a ummi ram kan si caah Bama miphun nih “dual citizenship” an pom te lai ti hi cuhi hnu kum 100 hmanhah zumh a har ngaingai ko. Tuluk le India nih an kan chilh lai timi tihnak angan tuk.

Buainak zong a rak tam tuk cang.Nai-ah Kawlram cozah nih “Permanent Residence of a Foreigner Rules” timi upadi a ser. Kawlrammia rak si balmi (ex-Myanmar Citizen) nih sok a ngah, tiah an ti. Nain, ralzaam (international refugee)nih sok a ngah lo, tiah fiangput in a kham. Hihi tulio kan ram dirhmun kha asi.Cucaah ram dangah rammi sinak kan lak hnu ahcun Kawlram ah luhnak visa (tourist visa, social visa,business visa tbk) lawng in luhnak lam kha a um. Visa in kan luh ahcun ni zeimaw um hnuah Kawlramin kir tthan hrimhrim kha a hau. Ralzaam caah lam pahnih cu a um kho, tiah ka ruat.

Pakhatnak cu:

UNHCR policy “voluntary repatriation” timi ningin ralzaam nih amah duh thim teinkir tthannak lam kha asi. Kawl cozah le idornak ram cozah asiloah UNHCR an hnatlak tu kha a hau.Hi lampi hi tulio Kawl cozah nih a on i a kirmi zong an um pah len hna an khul bel a nuar deuh. Abikin India le Malaysia um Laimi ralzaam nih kir salam ding asi lo kir ahcun hi lampi in kir hrimding a si tiah ka ruah.

Pahnihnak cu:

tulio Tlangcung hriamtlaibu le Kawl cozah tuahmi Peace Process nih biatung ceihmipanga (political sector, economy sector, social sector and land & natural resources sector) a ngei.Social sector ahhin ralzaam le mipeem kong aa hun tel chih. Hi lampi nih ramdang ah rammi sinak ala cangmi lengah ralzaam le mipeem caah pakhatkhat cu a phi a hun chuahpi te ko lai timi zumhnakka ngei rau bel a rua kho fawn, tiah ka ruat.Kumhra dan ah U.S. Census Form phit a um tawn

2020 ah a ra tthan lai. Form chung biahalnak ah2010 lio ahcun “race” kong a hal nain phit awk ithim awkah “Burmese” ti lawng kha a um, Chin timia um lo. Tikah kan lung a buai. Zeicatiah “Burmese” timi cu “nationality” min asi; miphun (race) asilo. Kan miphun ah “Burmese” si cu kan duh lo. Kawl phuntanh le US census bawi upa nihcun”Burmese Chin tiah ti ko uh” an kan ti. Cucu kan duh lo. Zeicatiah Kawl tangah chiahnak lam asi,kan ti.

Cucaah Burma-Chin tiah kan tial. (Burma ram i a ummi Chin tinak). Micheu cu “Chin” ti baklawngin kan tial.Chim duhmi cu: “race” le “nationality” timi biafang a umtuning le sullam aa danning kha asi.Cucaah ramdang ah rammi sinak “nationality or citizenship” kan lak cang ruangah Kawlrammi kansinak (Myanmar nationality) cu a thi colh nain Chinmi kan sinak (Chin race or Chin ethnicity) cuzeitikhmanh a thi bal lo. Kan peemnak in kum a thongza a va tlin zongah a tlau lai lo.

Australian Bureau of Statistics nih milu an relmi an tthenning ahcun Mainland South-East Asian timitangah Loa, Thai, Vietnamese, Hmong, Burmese, Karen, Chin tbk. cu hmunkhat te-ah a chiah.Chin le Thai le Loa tbk cu miphun sinak level (race) ah aa tluk in an chiahti hna. Chin le Burmese cua dang veve in an chiah

n khahter lo. Burmese timi zon ah Kawl nih an phit ko lai i Chin tinakzonah Chinmi kan lut ko hna lai ti kha a fiang tuk colh.Kawl cozah nih Kawlram chung miphun 135 atimi chungah Kawl miphun (Bamar ethnic group) ahhinmiphun 9 nan um tiah a tthen chin ve hna

. Nain, Kawl cu “ Myanmar or Burmese” sinak ah an lung atling ko. Yaw, Beih, Kadu theng kan si, tiah an aupi ti lo. Tlangcungmi nih cun ram min kha “Burma” asi ko zongah rammi sinak min “Burmese”  tiah i auh cu a har kan ti ngai tawn. Burmese timi cu allcitizens of Burma tinak asi ko zongah Kawl min thotho (Bamar le Burman ) tlukah kan ruah zungzalrih

kan mawh hna lo.Nai-ah Australia ramah “Chin” mi hi a karh a rangbikmi miphun (ethnic group) an si, tiah an chimtikah kan ilawm ngai. Zeicatiah Australia ramah chansaupi tiang “Chin” timi miphun sinak in kanhram a fek lai i kan nung lai tiah kan ruah caah asi. Australia ramah hrinmi Chin hrinfa nih chanzeizattiang dah “Chin” timi min ahhin an min an rak itial duh te lai timi tucu ruahawk a um.Danmark Statitics kan zoh tikah “Chin” timi min hi 2016 chungah hohmanh nan um lo; kum 2017chungah minung 17 lawng nan um, tiah an kan ti

Burmese tangah khumh dih dawh kha kan si.Kum 2020 ah U.S.A Census Form tik zongah “Burmese” timi lawng chia loin “Chin” timi min kha”race” timi zonah (tulio Hmong miphun bang) form chungah an hun chiah venak lai izuam ngai aherh.Lai, Khumi, Zomi tbk. cu vawleipi nih an kan theihnak min an si lo. Kan isak len zongah kan peemnakrammi nih an hngal lo. Chin timi cu vawlei pumpaluk nih an kan theihnak le hngalhnak min asi.

Cucaah Chin miphun nih biaknakbu min le zatlangbu min zongah “Chin” tiah min ibunh le isak incozah sinah register kan tuah cu sullam a ngei ngaingaimi le techin fapar chan tiang chansaupi kanmiphun kilvennak le hramfehnak caah a rak biapi ngaingaimi tuahsernak biapi kha an si.Kan peemnak ramah rammi sinak (nationality/citizenship) lak le lak lo cu pumpak pakhat ciobiakhiahnak kha asi tawn. Mi tampi cu an la duh lo. Nain, rammi sinak kan va lak ruangah Chinmiphun kan sinak cu a tlau hlei maw ti ahcun tlau hlei hlah. A tlau hrimhrim lo.Khoika ram kan va peem; khoika rammi sinak kan va lak i thlapa cung kan hei kai le lungkua chungkan va luh zongah “ Chin miphun kan sinak cu a tlaulo” ti kha kan thluak le thisen chungah ronchihle khumhchih a herh ngaingai.

Note: Amah nih attial ning tein kan vun chiahmi asi. Remhmi le chapmi pakhat hmanh a um lo. Hihi 2017 ah attialmi asi i, ka herh tuk ruangah ka vun chiah tthanmi asi. Zeitindah na ruah ve ning asi? Hikong hi ttha tein ruah ngaingai a haumi asi.

Credit: Vanlianthang Cinzah