CNF Remdaihnak le Rampi Cozah Thinlung
Salai Van Lian Thang

Chin miphun nih Self-determination, Federal phung le Democracy kan hmuh kho nakhnga hriamput locun lam dang a um lo tiah CNF cu March 1988 ah a rak dir. 1993 tuahmi CNF Conference nih Kawlram bupi politik buainak cu thahrum dohnak lam siloin nainganzi biakchonhnak lam” in phisinsiseh, tiah pawlasi a thlak. Cu ningin lam an dap lengmang i kum 23 chung ral an tho. Mi 80 nunnak a dih. Tuni ah remnak lam cung an hun zawh i zeibantuk salu phun dah an hun tlunpi hnga tiah milung a tho hringhran. Cucaah hmuhning ka hun tial ve.

1. CNF le Remnak Lamthluan (CNF Road to Peace): i. SLORC chan: Nah-wah-tah Cozah nih CNF he rem dingin voi 4 tiang: 25 Sept 94, 25 Jan 97, 20 April 97 le 9 July 97 ah biaknak hruaitu cu lamkal ah a rak thlah hna. Biaknak lei Remdaihtu Komiti PTC cu 23 Jul 96 ah a rak dir. Cozah nih biadanh a ser i 1. politik ceih lo 2. thanchonak tu ceih 3. hriamchiah i dai tein um 4. DAB le NDF he ipeh lo 5. Cozah dohtu phu he ipeh lo, timi ri a ser. CNF nih an hnatlak kho ve lo ruangah ichon kho loin an rak um. (BCES Paper No-1, Jan 12, Pp 4)

ii. SPDC chan: Nah-ah-phah Cozah nih 2000, 2003 le 2007 ah CNF chonh dingin biaknak hruaitu hmangin lam a rak kawl than. Nain Cozah biadanh exchange arms for peace timi tlangtar tangah hriamchiahter rumro kha aa hmaithlak than caah a takin biakchonhnak tiang an rak phan kho hoi lo. (CNF Statement, 15 Jan 12, Pp-4)

iii. Rih khemh: 15 Marh 07 ah Dr. Sui Khar hruaimi CNF upa 10 le Bohmuci Min Htin hruaimi Cozah palai cu Rih khemh ah remnak an ceih. Minthut in hnatlakmi an ngei kho lo nain ichonh than dingin hmurka in bia an i tiam. Nain, Cozah nih 7 step-roadmap kha biatak tein tlamtlinh a hun i zuam i 2008 constitution” nunternak lam rumro a hun i hmaithlak tikah ichonh kho than ti loin bia a rak dai than. (CNF PR: 12 March 07 and CNF PR 15 Jan 12)

iv. USDP Cozah chan: Jan 11 ah 2008 constitution cu a hun nung i Thein Sein Cozah thar a hung kai. 18 Aug 11 ah Peace Call 1/2011 timi hriamtlai biaruah sawmnak ca cu khuaza theihin a chuah i remdaihnak cu biapi tukin a hun i hmaithlak. Hluttaw ah remdaihtu komiti an dirh ve. Cozah palai Aung Min le CNF lutlai Pu Zing Cung le Dr. Sui Khar cu 19 Nov 12 ah Thai ramri ah an i tong colh. Hakha ichonh dingin an hnatlakmi CEC biachah 9/2011 nih a cohlan i Emergency Conference nih a pompi rih hnuah a dotdot in an hun ichon lengmang i a voi 2 nak Union level tiang an hung phan.

2. Cozah Kalpining Dotthum Govt 3-step Peace Plan. i. Pyine level: Kahngolnak biapi in ceih. Hi zawnah 1.kahdaihnak minthut. 2. pehtlaihnak zung on 3. hmun pekmi longah hriam putter 3. Union level chonh caan le hmun khiah. ii. Pyidaungsu level: Thanchonak tuahpah in nannganzi ceih. Hi level hnatlak haumi ah 1. Union in chuah lo 2. doh a zi pathum pom 3. hunchonak sipuazi tuahti 4. rit-si dohti 5. party dirh i thimnak luhter 6. 2008 phunghram cohlan i remh duhcun Palimen chungin remh 7. phung chungah luhter i phung ningin thutdir 8. Hriamtlai phu khat lawng um timi pomter.

iii. Hluttaw level: Bia le hla vialte Hluttaw ah chuahpi i biadongh chah. Cozah, Tlangmi hruaitu nannganzi party le Hluttaw kuzale hna hmaiah zungzal remdaihnak sachoh Permanent Peace agreement min thut i remnak dihdongh ser The New Ligh of Myanmar 2 Mar 12. v. 2015 hlan lim: Union Remdaih Phu Vice-Chairman U Aung Min nih kum 2015 hlan hrimah peace process hi lim dingah zeipoh kan tuah lai. Ralai mi Cozah thar kutah rian hluai tak kan duh lo. Party dirh in thimnak luh kan fial cuahmah hna a ti. Reuter: Sept 21, 2012.

3. Tlangmi Kalpidan Dotruk 6-Point Ethnic Peace Plan. 14 Sept 12 ah Thai ramri tuahmi Ethnic Nationalities Conference nih remnak kalpidan Ethnic Peace Plan dotruk a ser ve. CNF telnak hriamtlai phu 11 funtu UNFC bukomh min in an dirpi. Cu hna cu:

1. Hriamtlai phu, nanganzi party le civil society phu vialte itonnak tuah. Nanganzi biaruahnak tungtlang framework suai. 2. Rampi cozah le hriamtlai phu ichonhnak tuah i nanganzi biaruahnak a tungtlang framework hnatlakti. 3. Hnatlakmi cu mah le ramkulh le ramtthen cioah ceihkhannak ”conference” auh i hnatlaktinak ser than.

4. Tlangcungmi vialte huap tonpumhnak Ethnic nationalities conference kawh i hnatlaknak ser. 5. Cozah phu democracy phu le tlangmi phu huap Panglong conference bantuk Pyidaungsu Khawmpi kawh i hnatlaknak sachoh Union Accord min thut.
6. Caan fiangte in khiah i cu caan chungah minthut hnatlakmi Union Accord cu tuanchuah tlamtlinh (Mizzima 2 Oct 12)

Timhtuahtu ah Tlangmi aiawh Working Group for Ethnic Coordination (WGEC) cu June 12 an dirh. Politik cu awkhat in UNFC minin kan chim lai, an ti. Pu Zing Cung nih a ruah hlanah Tlangmi aiawh le Cozah tonnak a um lai ka zumh tiah Dec 12 ah a chim. Tlawmpal ah i chonh dawhin an um. (Chinworld: 12 Dec 12)

4. CNF Plan pathum le Biatung paruk (Roadmap and Principle): i) CNF Peace Plan: Kalpidan dotthum Cozah he an hnatlak. 1. Kahdohnak ngol 2 Pyidaungsu level nannganzi biaruahnak tuah. 3 Pinlung conference bantuk Pyidaungsu tonpumhnakpi kawh i pyidaungsu sachoh cu Tlangcung mi dihlak le Cozah nih minthut.

ii. CNF biatung hna : CNF nih biatung paruk an ngei i 1. Doh a zi pathum kong 2. Union dirhdan Federal phung kong 3. Self-determination kong le 3 Democracy kong, tiah nanganzi a hrampi ceihding tungtlang basic priciple cu cozah he iceih dingin an hnatlak. Hihi kum 23 chung thisen thletin an khelmi a muru cu a si. (CNF agreement, 9 Dec 12)

5. CNF le Cozah Remnak Bia hna Peace agreements. i. Jan thla remnak: Dr Sui Khar hruai CNF upa 10 le Bohmuci Zaw Min Oo hruai Pyine cozah upa cu 5 Jan 12 ah Hakha ah chunnitlak an i rem. Nain, bia an chat kho lo. Vuanci Aung Min le Win Htun an hung phan i 6 Jan ah an irem than. Biatlang 9 min an thut. Hi remnak ah kahngolnak, zung onnak, ralkap chiahnak, tlawn kalnak, nannganzi ceih ding bia public consultation NGO luhternak Special Economic Zone (SEZ) sernak le rit-si dohtinak aa tel. (Mizzima 9 Jan 12)

ii. May thla remnak: Dr. Sui Khar hruaimi CNF upa 17 le Aung Min hrua Union Remdaihphu upa 9 nih 7 May 12 ah Hakha ah biatlang 15 min an thut rih. Hi remnak ah: pehtlaihnak zung an rian, nanganzi ceihtik bia hrampi humanitarian tuannak, visa laknak ritsi dohnak miphunni kong phunglo bu sinak in hnawhnak thongtla chuahnak, ID tuahtonak nuhrin covo kahdaihnak zohfeltu le tlangtlatu phu kong hna aa tel. (CNF PR 19 May 12)

iii. Dec thla remnak: Pu Zing Cung hruai CNF upa 19 le Aung Min hruai Union Remdaih phu upa 10 nih 9 Dec 12 ah Yangon ah CNF khinmi biatung 31 chungah 27 min an thut. Hnatla kho loin an thonmi ah 1. Pyidaungsu Tatmadaw le State Security Forces 2. Kawl ralkap hnuh kirnak 3. CNA chiahnak hmunhma 4. Shan le Kachin ikahnak kong, aa tel Shan Herald, 20 Dec 12. Hi remnak ah: peace talk kalpidan, Miphun kong, thanchonak simanking, ti le mei, thinkung ramkung, nuhrin covo, nunphung le caholh, IT le computer fimcawnnak le ngandamnak, ralkap chiahnak lengah zatlang phu le media phu lisen peknak hna, ai tel. (CG, 17 May 12)

5. Kalpidan Hmuhning: analysis on peace process. i. Remdaih phu: Thla tampi cu chief negotiator Aung Thawng maw Aung Min a rak fiang lo. Thla 8 a liam i 3 May 12 ah Union Ramdaihphu Komiti-UPCC cu Tamadah hruaimi tangah rampabik 11 in an dirh. Member 52 um Work Komiti-UPWC zong Vuanci MP Tainghmu le Vuncichoh hna telhin an dirh. Aung Min cu Vice Chairman an khinh i nawl sangpi ngei Tamahdah zung Vuanci ah an ser. Hi thlennak nih ramdaih rian hi biatak thlakin kalpi an tinh ko ti a langhter.

ii. Hluttaw maw Cozah: Remdaihphu UPWC hi Palimen hnatlakmi a si le si lo a fiang lo. Hluttaw hnatlak hmasa a si lo caah Cozah dirhmi a si nain nuhrin covo phu NHCR budget cu Palimen nih a rak hnon bang UPWC hi an hnon ve sual lai phan a um. Pyituh Hluttaw remdaihphu lutlai Thein Zaw cu UPWC ah an telh nain Amyotha Hluttaw remdaihphu lutlai San Tun cu UPWC ah an telh lo. Cozah le Hluttaw an idodal pah lengmang tung i sia a remter lo.

iii. Hlutaw maw Pinlung: Cozah nih Hluttaw ah bia dong seh an ti. CNF kalpidan ah Hluttaw timi a um lo. UNFC nih Pinlung bantuk Conference ah Pyidaungsu sachoh in bia dih seh an ti ve. 2008 phunghram nih nawl a onhmi mandate chungin Cozah nih politik a ceihpi khawhmi vialte a ceihpi hna hnuah cozah tuah kho lomi 2008 constition leng bia le hla an phak tikah zeitin an tuah lai timi framework a fiang ti lo. Hihi tha lo tein an ifianh ta lo ahcun mui padap ah lam a dapmi bantuk a lo ko lai.

iv) Zohfeltu le Tlangtlatu: KNU nih ramdang zohfeltu a herh ko a rak ti. KIO nih ramdang hmaiah ichonh siseh a rak ti ve. Cozah nih a pom bak lo. Nain KNPP he ichonhnak ah ramdang zohfeltu an hun i tel thok i CNF zongah UN le ramdang embassy upa le zohfeltu hna sawm an hun onh. Tlangtlatu dirhmun in Khrihfa hruaitu biatak tein an tanmi zongnih an bia hmual a umter deuh ngaingai.

v. UNFC le Cozah biadanh: Nivung chanin biadanh ruangah remnak tuah kho loin a rawk lengmang. Thein Sein nih biadanh-8 a hun dirpi ve. UNFC Okkathah Lt.Gen N-Banla nih UNO meeting a kai lioah Thein Sein sinah 21 Sept 12 ah ca a kuat i Cozah nan dirpimi biadanh 1 in 4 kar cu iceih dingah kan cohlan khawh nain point 5 in 8 kar cu hriamtlai phu hlohnak a si caah kan pom kho lo rak ruat than uh a ti. Hriamtlai nih party dirh i thimnak luh, 2008 constition cohlan i Palimen chungin remh Tatmadaw pakhat lawng um timi cu a si kho bak lo an ti. Shan Herald 28 Sept 12 Cozah nih an tthumh ve duh bak lo ahcun lamlai ah kan rawk te sual lai phan a um ko.

vi. Thanchonak sivai: Kumkhat an ichon cang nain ”politik” chung ngai luhhnawh loin development le zung on le ralkap chiahdan hrongah an i vel peng. Thein Sein nih Indonesia ah ”development tuahpi pah in kan chonh hna lai i hriam an itlaih duh ti lai lo a rak ti. (Myanmar Time: 21 Nov 11). Politik maw development si indah rem an kan timh izumh thlu a har rih ko. Cozah nih ”thanchonak sivai’ in kan politik dirhmun duhsah in thahpiak a kan tinhmi a si sual ahcun remnak hri a fek thai kho te tak lai lo.

vii. Thawngzamhnak: Hlan cozah le hriampu iremnak ah thawng puanzar a um bal lo. Mipi nih theihpi a si bal lo. Tutan cu a tenek tiangin mipi theihter a si. Cozah tadinca cahmaibik cemah fiang riaruai in CNF le Cozah ichonhnak hna an cuanter i khuaruah har tham a tling. Mipi sin an bia hram an bunhnak nih ramdaih hnatlakmi hri a fehter deuh ngaingai te lai. (New Light of Myanmar, Vol XX, No 235, 11 Dec 12, P-1)

6. CNF Hnatlakmi Zohnak: (analysis on peace contents). i. Negative mittin: Fiangput in a cat lomi bia a tam. Pyine level hnatlakmi 9 ah 4 cu: cunglei tlakpi hmasa point-4 a tlangpiin hnatlak point-4 Cozah upadi ningin point-6 le khat le khat i ceihti hnu point-8. Union level 1nk hnatlakmi 15 ah 13 cu ceih thante dingin point-2 Cozah upadi ningin tuan point 3, 8, 9,13 doh a zi tungpa ningin point-6 a tlangpiin pom point-7 ceihpi te dingin point-7 bomh te dingin point-10 i zuampiakte dingin point-11 Tamadah chimhta hnu point-12. Union level 2nk hnatlakmi 27 ah 10 cu Pyine cozah nawl point 2 ceih thante dingin Point 8-b. Cozah sin hnatlak lak hmasa Point-9 Cozah he ibomhin (point 14-16-19-27) Cozah sin vaitel ve point 15-16 a umcia tuanpeh point 17 tuante dingin point 18 ruah te dingin point 21 tiah a um. Minthutmi 51 ah 25 leng cu ”practical” in kalpi tikah hrengtu a um len te kho.

ii. Positive mitin: Hriamtlai ah hmai an kalbik rih. Remnak kaldan dot-3 le nanganzi biatung 6 an thlakmi. Chinmi cu a luatmi miphun kan rak sinak le Pyidaungsu a dirhtu tak kan sinak. Nuhrin covo buarnak hlattu dirh. Miphun sinak le biaknak in ithleidan lo. Mithiam hlatter i ‘development plan suai timi hna lung an hmui ko. Cozah nih zeitlukin rian a tuanpi tak hna i CNF nih an namchan khawh hna timi ah hlawhtlinnak a um te lai. Cozah lei an cawl duh locun CNF liaison office cu rian ngei loin to sawh a fawite.Mirang chan kan rak ngeihcia Innerline Permit halthan a tha tuk te kho. CNA chiahnak hmun i ram ngeitu mipi sizungzi a biapi fawn. Chin Pyine haup Conference zong auh a za cang rua.

iii. Ram in chuah lo: RFA nih youtube in Union in kan chuak lai lo tiah CNF in Pu Thomas nih secession right an hlotning a biachim kha khuaza culin a thang. Mi a hninh ko. Hi dirhmun cu CNF tinhmi politik muru kha zei a va lawh te lai an khel taktak rih lo caah Cozah sin phuancaan cu a tuan deuh sual maw a timi an rak um ve len.

7. Hriamtlai Phu le CNF Tahchunh (comparison of CNF & arm groups). i. Tulio hriamtlai: Ralkap cozah chanah hriamtlai phupi 17 le phute 23 nih remnak an rak ser Xinhua:18 Aug11. Tulioah ramricawng BGF phu 9 an um. Thein Sein he ramdaih dingin phu 4 an i helh cuahmah i phu 13 nih kahdaihnak min an thut cang. (HD center, 12 Dec 12). Min an thutning cu:

a) Pyine level ah: Phu (12) nih min an thut. ALP nih point-5, KPC-6, NSCN-K -5, DKBA-5 KNPP- 3 KNU-11, NDAA-7 NMSP-5, PNL0-5, RCSS-8. SSPP-5 le CNF nih point-9 min an thut.

b) Pyidaungsu level-1 ah: Phu 10 nih min an thut. DKBA point 6, KNPP-14, KNU-6, NDAA-6 NMSP-4 PNLO-8, RCSS-11, UWSA- 6, SSPP 5. CNF nih point 15 min an thut.

c) Pyidaungsu level-2 ah: Phu 2 nih min an thut i RCSS nih point 12, CNF nih point 27 min an thut. KNU Naypyidaw an phan ve lio i zeiset an lawh hnga a fiang rih lo. (Myanmar Peace Monitor, accessed on 6 Jan 13)

ii) Zohfiannak: Ritsi ah Shan an buaicem. Hnipuan tirawl ah Palong an buaibik. NGO bomhnak le business ah an i khat ngot. Wah le Mongla nih thanchonak an ngiatcem. Mon le Chin ah politik rim a nambik.Gen. Soe Win hi Shan sin long aa tel. Tamadah le kah-choh-ci nih Karen (KNU) lawng an ton ve. Cozah nih KNU an zitmuai a thabik. CNF hnatlakmi a tefiakbik i a tambik fawn. Kachin an dirhmun a fekbikcem.

8). Hmailei Bia Zohchungnak (analysis on political substance). i. Tlangmi dirpi ding: Politik taktak ceih tikah bia 10 dirpi dawhin an lang i cu hna cu 1. Iruannak Equality 2 Self-determination 3.Soveriengty 4. Federal mu 5. Covo hrampi 6. Miphun tlawm hna covo 7. Pyidaungsu Tatmadaw serdan 8. Biaknak zumhning 9. Multi-party le 10 Nupa sinak iruan kong, aa tel men lai. Bia 3 a har khomi a um.

ii. Self-determination: Caholh, nunphung le biaknak kong ahcun biafun a fawi deuh ko lai nain Tamadah nih Vuncichoh khanh ti loin mipi direct thim, timi ah an tang te kho. Pyine cozah, hluttaw, biaceihzung hna zalawng tein an cawlcang kho dingah ramkulh cio mah tein state constitution isuai cio siseh, timi bia zong an hnakhaw ah luh a har pah te lai.

iii. Federal mu: U Shwe Maan nih federal cu kan cohlan nain 8 federal states cu kan pom lo a ti. Tlangmi nih theih har an ti te kho. Hluttaw structure le rampi cozah le ramkulh cozah nawl icheubauhning division of powers ah an ireng kho pah te lai nain a tangmi nawlngeihnak residuary powers hi Pyine cozah kutah chiah ding cun har an ti tuk te kho men.

iv. Pyidaungsu Tatmadaw: Mirang chan Kandy sachoh ah kir than i Pyidaungsu Tatmadaw cu Tlangmi ralkap fonh Chin rifile, Kachin rifile tbt in dirh. Sit-u-si-choh cu miphun aa chang changin kan ichawng lai, an ti. Hihi Cozah caah theih har a si te kho. Micheu nih Pyine himnak vengtu SSF ah i thlen, an ti. Cozah nih ramricawng BGF ah a ti ve. Zeitindah ralkap hi mipi uknak tang civilian control ah an kunter te hna lai i zeibantuk dirhmun in hriamtlai phu hi an thlen te hna lai, timi ah tha lo tein an i tongh a hau te lai.

Tlangkawmnak:

Thla 12 leng remnak bia an chim cang nain a hawng long an kheh i a mu an tong kho rih lo. Thisen in CNF dirpimi a mu ”self-determination le federal” kha a ning tein tongh loin a um rih. Ceihte dingin a tang. Tlangmi zapi huapin dirpite dawhin an lang caah CNF nih zei salu dah a hun tlunpi timi chim awk a tha kho deuh rih lo.

Tlangmi dirpimi nannganzi hi 2008 constition lengbia a si. U Thein Sein nih Tamadah tlaih lioah party rian i thlak hlah, tiah phunghrampi nih a khap caah USDP party kha 2008 constititon remh dingin ka hnek kho hna lo a ti. (Irrawady: 1 Nov 12). Hihi phunghram remh he kai seng lo a tinak a si. Pi Suu Kyi nih ”theih a har ko” tiah a leh.

Cozah nih remnak rian cu 2015 hlanah i lim cikcek an duh. Nain, 2008 constitution remh nih lai a rel te lai. U Aung Min nih tthumh khomi vialte tthumh kan i tim. Phunghram remh kongin nawl icheuh bauhning (power and resource sharing) tiang a ti. Reuter: 21 Sept 12. U Shwe Mann nih Federal Union dirh cu cozah nih kan pawm cang. Hrial lo kho lo a si lai nain caan tu a la deuh kho a ti. (Irrawady, 19 July 12). President office in Vuanci Soe Thein nih phunghram remh i Tlangmi pawl uknak nawl tam deuh pek cu kan chunmang a si” a ti ve. (Mizzima, 3 Oct 12).

Kawl Cozah phunphun nih Tlangmi kong cu ram himnak security issue mitin an rak hmuh peng i hriamhrei thazang ”military solution” in phisin an rak i zuam peng. Curuangah remnak hri fek kho loin a cat than tawn. KIO he an i hliam le bang a fak ko i voi tam nawn an ichon than nain a dai an dai kho ti lo. Tuni cu Cozah mit a hung dei. Tlangmi kong hi constitutional issue mitin ka hmuh cang i, nanganzi lampi political solution” in kan phisin cang lai a hun ti. 1993 ah CNF conference thlakmi pawlasi he kum 23 hnuah an hun i tong. Hi Cozah bia hi biatak a si ahcun chinhchiah a tlakbik Cozah thinlung thlennak a si hnga i biatak a si ahcun cu biatak nih luatnak a chuahpi te ko lai.

Salai Van Lian Thang

Note: Hihi tuan deuh ah aṭialmi a si ko nain atulio CNF konglam tete a um pah tikah theihtleih ah tiah kan vun thlazamh ṭhannak a si.