NLD THANTAR: ARFI 14 TANGAH KUN LAI CU AW! Thantar a phunphun tangah a kunmi Kawlram Ram pakhat ah thantar (flag) cu a biapi ve tawn. Rampi aiawhtu hmelchunh (symbol and identity) ah tar hna asi tawn. Rampi muisam (Form of State) phortu le langhtertu hna asi tawn. Rammi zapi nih a hmaiah kun in zahnak le upat peknak hna tuah asi tawn.

Luatnak hmuh hnuin kum 72 chung Kawlram cu thantar muisam a phunphun tangah a kun cang. Arfi pakhat tangah a kun chel, arfi 14 tangah a kun chel, arfi 5 tangah a kun chel tiin aa thleng tawn. Hi nih rampi sernak (State-Building Process) a dih rih lonak le rampi dirhmun a fehfuan deuh rih lo zong khi a hun langhter ṭheo tawn. Dr. Thant Myint-U nih “Myanmar, an unfinished nation” a ti tikah a hman ngai.

Tulio ah 2008 Phunghram remhnak (2nd Amendment Bill) cu Pyidaungsu Hluttaw nih a ceih cuahmah. Rampi thantar (pohmah § 437 (a)) cu thlen dingin an hun chuahpi ṭhan. Thantar ah a cuangmi arfi sullam nih ram muisam (Form of State) kha a chim tawn caah zohfelnak tlawmpal kan ngei lai.

Arfi 5 tangah kum 26 chung kan kun. Kawlram nih luatnak a hmuh hnuah 1947 Phunghram kha a hman i, ram thantar ah “arfi nganpi pakhat cu arfi fami panga nih a kulhmi a si lai” tiah an ti. (pohmah § 207). Cu ram thantar (arfi 5) tangah kum 26 chung (1948-1974 tiang) kan rak kun. Hihi Aung San le U Nu chan suaimi, kan ti lai.

Dr. Maung Maung nih thanter a sullam kha a fianter: “arfi nganpi pakhat hi Union muisam a langhtertu asi i, cucu Mon-Bamar-Arakan aiawhtu arfi fami pakhat, Karen aiawhtu arfi fami pakhat, Shan aiawhtu arfi fami pakhat, Kachin aiawhtu arfi fami pakhat le Chin aiawhtu arfi fami pakhat tiin (arfi fami panga nih) lungrualnak hmelchunh in arfa nganpi pakhat hi an kulh” tiah a sullam a chim. (Dr Maung Maung, Burma’s Constitution, p. 206).

Chin, Shan, Kachin cu Panglong Agreement minthutu miphun (Founding members of the Union) kan si caah rampi thantar ah arfi pakhat cio kan hmelchunh a um dih cu khuaruah a har lonain zeiruangah Mon-Bamar-Arakan nih arfi pakhat hi an ihrom timi hi a biapi ngai. Cun zeiruangah Kayah (Karenni) caah arfi a um ve lo i Panglong Agreement min a thu ve lomi Karen hi caah arfi a um, timi zong ruah awk a um tawn.

Mon-Bamar-Arakan: Mon cu Kawl siangpahrang Alawngpaya nih kum 1575 ah a tuk i a rak tei. Arakan cu Kawl siangpahrang Bodawpaya nih kum 1784 ah a tuk i a lak. Mirang nih Kawlram a rak lak lioah Mon le Arakan cu Chin, Kachin le Shan bantukin a dangin tukin lak an hun hau ti lo. Kawl siangpahrang tangah lak chinmi miphun le ram an si caah Mirang nih Kawlram a uk chung vialte Kawl he hmunkhat ah Burma Proper (Ministerial Burma) tangah an rak um. Phunghram upadi pakhat an hmangti. Kawlrawn Acozah (Govenor’s Executive Council) tangah an rak umti. Cucaah Buchoh Aung San nih Kawlrawn Acozah lutlai (Deputy Chairman of the Executive Council of Ministerial Burma) a sinak in Panglong Conference ah Arakan le Mon miphun cu ai a awh khawh hna. Cucaah Kawl (Bamar) miphun he arfi pakhat kha thantar ah an ihromti hna nak kha asi.

Karen miphun:Karen cu Mirang tangah a dang tein luatnak lak dingah England ram tiang Karen Delegation an rak ithlah. Nain, an hlawhtling lo. Mirang cungah lungrep (titsa) kan ngei i, kan rak bawmh len hna nain hnu ahcun hnu an kan chit ṭhan i an kan leirawi tiah Mirang cungah an lung afak tawn. Karen cu Kawl siangpahrang nih Mon le Arakan bantukin a lakmi miphun kha an si ve lo i Kawl nih ukmi zong kha an si ve lo caah luatnak hmuh hnuin thantar ah arfi pakhat kha a dang tein an hun ngei. Asinain Karen cu 1935 Burma Act upadi tang i Kawlrawn Acozah (Ministerial Burma) ah thimnak hna an rak i cuh i an rak i tel ve caah Buchoh Aung San nih Acozah lutlai minin Panglong Conference tu ahcun Karen hi ai a awh hna, kan ti lai. Panglong Agreement hi KNU nihcun an pom i an dirpi ve tawn.

Kayah miphun: Kayah (Karenni) cu Mirang Acozah le Kawl siangpahrang aiawh in Kinwun Mingyi nih kum 1875 minthutnak thawngin a rak luat zungzalmi miphun an si. Kawl kuttang zongah an um lo i Mirang kuttang zongah an um bal hna lo. A luatmi miphun nih Panglong Agreement minthut kha an rak hau ve hna lo. Luatnak hmuh hnuin ram thantar ah an mah aiawh in arfi zong cu a cuang ve ti lo. “Hramhram in, kanmah duhnak tel loin, Union of Burma ah khumh le luhter kan si” tiah Kayah hruaitu cheukhat cu an lung umnak an chim tawn. An ramah Bochoh Aung san milem phun zong kha an nih cu an duh loning a lian khun.

Hi arfi 5 nih Chin, Shan, Kachin, Karen le Bamar (Mon, Arakan) miphun hna a aiawhnak hmelchunh nih Kawlram Bupi aa hun thawkning le aa hun semning a tuanbia sullam kha a fianter ngai. Independence a dang tein lak khawh cio kan rak si nain la loin kan ram (sovereignty or independent states) sinak kha kan fonh hna i, Ramkomh Bupi (Union) pakhat kan dirhtimi asi timi langhternak hmelchunh ah arfi lianpi (Union) kha arfi fami panga (ram le miphun) nih kan kulhmi kha a hun si. Hi thantar cu aho nih hnek loin mah lungtho tein miphun le ram pawl nih “hnatlaknak sachok” in dirhmi Ramkomh Bupi asinak, “Coming together Union” a hun langhtertu zong a hun si.

Arfi 14 tangah kum 36 chung kan kun Bochohci Ne Win tangah 1974 Phunghram cu an hun suai ṭhan i, pohmah §109 ah “facang kung pakhat kha arfi 14 nih a kulhmi ram thantar” kha an hun ser. Ne Win chan suaimi, kan ti ko lai.

Facang kung nih lothlawhnak ram (agricultural state) a sinak kha a langhter. Cu ram cu arfi 14 hmelchunh in ramkulh 7 (Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin, Mon, Arakan, Shan) le ramṭhen 7 (Magway, Mandalay, Ayeyarwady, Sagaing, Taninthayi le Bago) fonh in dirhmi ram asi, timi hmelchunh kha asi. Hi thantar cu 3 January 1974 in a nung i kum 36 chung (2010 tiang) arfi-14 tang ahcun kan rak kun.

Hi thantar nih “miphun le ram hna ifonh in hnatlak minthutnak in sermi ramkomh” a sinak muisam kha a hun hloh i, “hmunhma le khuaram hrambunh in dirhmi ram” muisam ah a hun thlen. Phun dang cun: “Coming together Union” muisam kha a hun hloh i, “Holding together Union” ram phunah a hun luhpi. “Federal state” phun sitiloin “unitary state” ah aa hun cang.

Arfi nganpi pakhat tangah kum 10 kan kun Bochohhmuci Than Shwe hruaimi Kawl ralkap tangah 2008 Phunghram cu an hun suai ṭhan i, pohmah §437 (a) ah “arfi nganpi pakhat” lawng kha thantar caah an hun hman.

Arfi nganpi pakhat a sullam cu: biaknak pakhat (one religion), miphun pakhat (one race) le holh phunkhat (one language) timi a langhtertu asi i, Kawl nih “Bamar pyi, Bamar-sar, Bamar-sakaa” (Amyo-Bata-Tatana) an ti tawnmi hmelchunh asi, tiah micheu nih an chim. Cun Burma Army’s motto: “one blood, one voice, and one command” timi hmelchunh zong asi, tiah an ti. Hi thantar cu 2008 Phunghram an hun fehter hnuah 21 October 2010 thawkin a hun nung i tunitiang (kum 10 chung) arfi nganpi pakhat tang ahcun kan hun kun lio a si.

Hi thantar muisam nih “miphun le ram hna ifonh in hnatlak minthutnak sachok in sermi ramkomh (the Union founded by the Panglong Agreement) sinak muisam kha a pom kho lo i, Kawl siangpahrang hna nih an sermi ram (the Union founded by the Bamar kings) bantuk phunah a chuahter. Ramkhel holh cun, “unitary state” ram serning phun, “unity in diversity” ram phun sitiloin “uniformity policy” ram phun “one race, one language, one religion” timi policy ah sermi ram. “Multi nation-state” sitiloin “nation-state” ram phunah a hun luhpi. Tlangcung miphun hna “identity le history” pom ti lo in, miphun le ram pawl cu rumro le hramhram in komh le fonh chihmi “Putting together Union or Forced Federation” ram phunah a chuanhter. Thanter thlen ṭhan an hun duh (2008 Phunghram remh). Tulio ah 2008 Phunghram remhnak (2nd Amendment Bill) cu Pyidaungsu Hluttaw nih a ceih cuahmah. Thantar cu thlen dingin an hun chuahpi ṭhan.

SNLD party thantar: Tulio tlangcung miphun ramkulh 7 aiawh ah arfi 7 le Kawl miphun hna aiawh ah arfi pakhat tiah arfi 8 nih arfi nganpi pakhat a kulhmi thantar in kan thlen lai, tiah an chuahpi. Kawl cu miphun pakhat nan si ve caah tlangcung miphun pakhat he aa tlukmi miphun nan si i ramkulh pakhat nan lak ve lai ti khi an hun langhter. Kawlram Bupi cu a ngan le a hme deuh um loin aa tlukmi ramkulh miphun 8 hna a hrambunh in kan ser lai, ti kha a si. Hi thantar nih “miphun hrambunh ram” le cu “miphun tlukruannak” kha a langhter duhmi asi, kan ti lai.

NLD Party thantar: Arfi hmemi 14 nih arfi nganpi pakhat a kulhmi thantar in tulio thantar cu kan thlen ṭhan lai tiah 2008 Phunghram, pohmah § 437 (a) cu remh dingin an chuahpi cuahmah.

NLD MP Siami (Kalay) nih “kan party nih an ka fial caah NLD nih kan chuahpimi thantar kong cu Pyidaungsu Hluttaw ah ka dirpi” tiah ati. Arfi 14 umtuning a fianternak ah “arfi 14 nih tulio ramkulh le ramṭhen 14 kha a langhter i, arfi nganpi pakhat nih Pyidaungsu sinak kha a langhter” tiah a chim.

NLD chuahpimi thanter hi zoh ahcun Ne Win chan 1974 Phunghram i thantar he a muici le a muisam aa khat nawn dih. Ne Win chanah arfi 14 asi i, NLD thantar zong arfi 14 thotho a si ve. An i dannak cu Ne Win chan cu a laiah facang kungpi an cuanter i NLD cu arfi nganpi pakhat an cuantermi lawng hi dannak a hun si. Tlangcung miphun kan pupa hna nih 1947 Phunghram chungah a fak an rak ti bikmi cu Kawl miphun nih ramkulh pakhat la duh loin Bamar Pyima (Mother State) dirhmun ah an rak iser i Central Acozah nawlngeihnak vialte kha Bamar Pyima he cun an rak komh chih dihmi kha asi. Cucaah “Kawlmi zong State la ve cang uh” timi cu kan pa le chan Tawngyi conference le Federal Movement nih a rak dirbikmi pakhat kha asi. NLD thantar ah Kawl miphun nih ramkulh pakhat dirh dingmi muithlam phun kha a hun langh ti lo lengah Panglong Agreement nih a hrinmi “miphun le ram hna ifonh in sermi ramkomh” a sinak muisam phun lei kha siloin tu ning tein “hmunhma le khuaram hrambunh in dirhmi ram” bantuk kha a hun dirpi thotho ve. Hihi cu tulio USDP le Tatmadaw nih an dirpining te kha asi ve ko i, ram tungtlang (structure of state) ser an duhning hi aa hun khat ngaingai. Phundang cun: Form of State a hun dirpining cu tlangcung miphun le Kawl miphun hna karah “tlukruannak” a um lo dingmi kha a hun si i, kan pupa hna nih an rak aupi tawnmi le tulio tlangcung hriamtlai phu nih an dirpimi he a dangpi khi a hun si lengah Panglong thlarau in lam a pialmi kha a hun si. 〗

Biakharnak: U.S.A cu ram 13 hna (thirteen colonies) nih ifonh in an rak sermi Ramkomh Bupi pakhat asi. Tulio an ram thantar ah arfi 50 cu tulio State-50 aiawh ah an cuanter ve nain rampi a dirhtu taktak ram 13 hna kha an thantar nih a philh hna lo–an ram thantar muici rang le sen in an rinmi tung 13 cu ram dirhtu hna hmelchunh caah an cuantermi kha asi. Hmailei ah State a lami an um rih ahcun arfi cu aa chap men lai nain U.S.A rampi dirhtu hna ram 13 hmelchunh caah an rinmi “13 stripes” cu aa chap ti lai lo.

Kawlram Bupi cu Mirang chanah Phunghram upadi dangdang in ukmi ram 4 hna (Shan, Kachin, Chin, Bamar) fonhin Panglong hnatlaknak minthut in dirhmi ramkomh asi ve. U.S.A he a umtuning aa khat pah. Cu minthut hnatlak ni cu “Union Day” kan hun ti. Ram thantar ah Kawlram Bupi a dirhtu taktak ram 4 hna muisam a langhtertu hmelchunh phun hi a cuan a biapi ngaingai ve. Ramkomh Bupi tungtlang (Form of State) zong tulio “hmunhma le khuaram hrambunh in sermi ram” phun siloin “ramkulh miphun hna hrambunh in sermi ramkomh”–“Coming together Union” phun asi kha a herh ngaingai.

Cucaah Ne Win chan arfi 14 tangah kun le Kawl ralkap thantar arfi nganpi pakhat tangah kun zungzal hi cu thilrit ngaingai asi rih ko lai lengah NLD chuahpimi arfi 14 tangah kun zong hi anmah he dannak a hun um tuk hlei lo caah a hun poi ngaingai.

Salai VLT
28-02-2020